The FN P90 submachine gun was developed in the late 1980s as an advanced personal defense weapon for the troops whose primary activities do not include small arms, such as vehicle and tank crew members, artillery crews, etc. Standard pistols and submachine guns chambered for pistol rounds were proved ineffective against enemy soldiers wearing body armor; Therefore, FN designers first developed a new round with enhanced penetration, initially known as SS90.
Ammunition
FN used a small-bore approach to achieve the necessary high penetration while keeping recoil impulse low, creating a round that looked much like the scaled-down 5,56 NATO round. It must be noted that similar concepts were tried in other countries, most notably in the USA, several decades before FN.
For example, the US Army tested M1 carbines chambered for .221 Johnson Spitfire in the late 1950s; later, Colt produced its .22 SCAMP and 5,6×30 MARS ammunition for special use SCAMP machine pistol and MARS “mini assault rifle” (a scaled-down M16 rifle), respectively.
It must be noted that the 5,6×30 MARS round was in a sense a direct predecessor to the 5,7×28 FN SS90 round, although the latter featured a slightly lighter and faster bullet. By the late 1980s, a concept of a small-bore, low-impulse “personal defense weapon” (PDW) with good accuracy and lethality at ranges of up to 200-250 meters was well established. However, there were no weapons adopted for service yet.
FN decided to follow this concept and create its PDW using a clean sheet approach. Basic ideas used for this development, designated as “Project 9.0″, included the following: minimal size and weight of weapon; large magazine capacity; complete ambidexterity; ease of use and maintenance.
Bullpup layout
FN designers put a new weapon into the compact and lightweight stock of bullpup layout made of impact-resistant polymer to save on size and weight. The high-capacity magazine also was made from semi-translucent polymer and held 50 rounds in two rows.
To make the loaded weapon as compact as possible, FN designers followed the idea of American designer Hall. They placed the magazine above the barrels, with cartridges stored horizontally with bullets pointing to the left. While the Hall system employed a rotary feed unit, operated by the bolt, to put a new cartridge in line with the barrel, FN designers incorporated a stationary helical ramp into each magazine, which rotates the cartridge for 90 degrees before placing it on feed lips.
P90 achieved complete ambidexterity using ambidextrous controls (including dual charging handles and dual back-up open sights) and bottom ejection. Finally, the simplicity of aiming was acquired by using integral reflex type collimating sight and integral laser aiming module (LAM).
The resulting weapon appeared in around 1990 as FN P90 personal defense weapon, along with improved 5,7×28 SS190 ammunition, which replaced polymer-cored bullets with heavier dual-core (steel/aluminum) bullets with better penetration against body armor. Several other types of ammunition were developed for this weapon, including tracer, subsonic ball, and soft-core training ball.
Worldwide users of FN P90
First sales of P90 were made to Saudi Arabia in the early 1990s; today, it is believed that FN sold more than 20 000 P90s to a wide variety of law enforcement agencies and military special operation units worldwide, including US Secret Service, Austrian Army Rangers, EKO Cobra, Dutch BBE special operations forces, Belgian Army and others.
The most interesting fact about the adoption of P90 is that so far, it has been adopted for the role, directly opposite to its original niche of “personal defense weapon.”
Most services and agencies that adopted P90 use it for offensive roles, as a specialist or even a primary weapon for various assault teams, and other “professional small-arms users,” as opposed to military personnel whose primary functions do not include the use of small arms.
In 1995, FN supplemented the P90 with a pistol, firing the same 5,7×28 ammunition, designated as FN Five-seveN. FN recently introduced a civilian version of FN P90, branded as FN PS90 carbine. This is a self-loading weapon with a longer barrel (408 mm / 16″).
FN P90 personal defense weapon is blowback operated, a selective-fired weapon that fires from a closed bolt. The firing is controlled by a removable trigger unit with a conventional hammer. Manual safety is located directly below the trigger. Magazine lies at the top of the weapon, feeding on front-to-back, with a spiral ramp built into the “rear” part of the magazine. Spent cartridges are ejected straight down through the chute, which exits just behind the pistol grip.
The standard sighting equipment includes a non-magnifying collimating sight with “ring and dots” illuminated aiming reticule.
Back-up open sights are provided on either side of the primary collimating sight. The so-called P90 USG version is supplied with two additional Picatinny rails at either side of the collimating sight base; FN also offers a version with no standard sighting equipment; the user has to make its own choice of day and/or night sights and additional equipment, which can be installed on three Picatinny rails – top, left and right.
This version is designated as FN P90 TR (triple rail). The front part of the forward handgrip on FN P90 is shaped like a hand protector, and it can contain an integral laser aiming module, which sends either a visible or IR laser beam to mark the intended target. For special missions, a special silencer can fit P90, which is used in conjunction with special subsonic ammunition.
Completely Ambidextrous Controls
The FN P90 is entirely ambidextrous and is perfect for both left-handed and right-handed shooters. The FN P90 could be split down the middle, and for all intents and purposes, both halves would be mirror images of each other. Talk about being inclusive.
Easy to Take Down and Assemble
Part of the primary design initiatives for the FN P90 was to be an easily maintainable PDW (Personal Defense Weapon or small personal select-fire weapon) as the proposed initial users of the FN P90 would be NATO military forces. A firearm is prone to malfunction or equally as problematic; one difficult to repair or fix while in the field is to be avoided at all costs. The P90 was designed to be maintained easily, by its operator, in any environment.
Technical specifications
| Manufacturer: | Fabrique Nationale de Herstal (FN Herstal), Belgium |
| Caliber: | 5.7 x 28 mm SS190 |
| Weight: | 2.54 kg empty; 3 kg loaded with a magazine with 50 rounds |
| Length: | 500 mm |
| Barrel length: | 263 mm |
| Rate of fire: | 900 rounds per minute |
| Magazine capacity: | 50 rounds |
| Effective range: | 200 meters |
