The AK-74 is a Soviet-made assault rifle and a successor of the legendary AK-47. It was developed and designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov. The rifle is chambered in a revolutionary 5.45×39 mm cartridge.
Introduction
It was to be expected that with the western nations turning to small calibers for their military riles, the Soviets would eventually follow suit. They had developed a necked-down version of their standard 7.62 mm M43 cartridge with a 5.56 mm bullet in the 1960s, though this appears never to have had any military applications other than as a research vehicle. What was also to be expected was that when they did move, it would be to a caliber and chambering entirely online anything in the west and totally incompatible with any western weapon system.
The AK-74 was first seen by outsiders in 1979 in the same year as the Soviet Army intervened in Afghanistan. It has become available to western agencies mainly after being captured by Mujahideens in Afghanistan. The head of the Afghan bureau of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence claimed that the CIA paid $5,000 for the first AK-74 captured by the Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War.
Design
In general, the AK-74 is a modified AK-47 insofar as it uses the same receiver and stock, pistol grip, trigger unit, and general configuration. The bolt is smaller, but the bolt carrier and gas piston are the same. The magazine is of thick and tough plastic, thick so that it can fit into the AK-47 magazine housing without demanding any modification. It holds 10 more of the smaller cartridges than did the AK-47 magazine. The wooden fore-end grip has a horizontal groove, useful as a recognition feature if nothing else.
The most obvious change is in the addition of a muzzle brake, designed to divert some of the ejected gases sideways and upwards to counter recoil and upward climb during automatic fire. In this it appears to be very successful since members of tests have shown that the rifle can be controlled quite well when firing automatic, the recoil force having been reduced to a level approximately that of a .22 rimfire sporting rifle.
Unfortunately, muzzle brakes are a two-edged sword; they make life easier for the shooter, but they make life difficult for the men next to him, diverting the muzzle blast sideways, and Soviet medical publications have printed one or two articles on the dangers of ear damage on firing ranges with the new rifle.
5.45×39 mm cartridge
The new cartridge is conventional enough, the case being slightly shorter and fatter than the .223. The bullet weighs 53 grains, is fully jacketed and boat-tailed, and has a muzzle velocity of 900 meters per second (2950 ft/sec). This is rather low for this class of weapon but appears to be adequate for combat purposes.
Internally, the bullet is remarkable for having a vacant space in the nose; the major part of the core is mild steel, with a short lead section at the front. This combination appears to facilitate expansion, bent noses, and tumbling on impact, so as to deliver a severe wound. It is also somewhat complicated to mass-produce with any accuracy.
The rifling twist is very steep – one turn in 26 calibers – and the rifling is beveled on its leading-edge so as not to incise the bullet jacket during its travel up the bore. Tracer and armor-piercing bullets have also been reported, though there is no information available on the penetration ability of the armor-piercing type.
Variants
Two types of rifle have been seen; the standard AK-74 has a wooden butt, while the AK-74S has a folding steel butt and appears to be issued to paratroopers and special forces only. The AK-74 replaced the AK-47 in Soviet service and was adopted by other members of the former Warsaw Pact.
Today, the rifle is used by most countries of the former Soviet Union. Licensed copies were produced in Bulgaria (AK-74, AKS-74, and AKS-74U), and former East Germany (MPi-AK-74N, MPi-AKS-74N, MPi-AKS-74NK).
Technical specifications: AK-74
| Manufacturer: | Kalashnikov Concern, SSSR |
| Designed: | 1974 |
| Service: | 1974 |
| Type: | gas-operated, selective fire |
| Caliber: | 5.45×39 mm |
| Barrel: | 15.75 in (400 mm) |
| Weight (empty): | 7.93 lbs (3.6 kg) |
| Effective firing range: | 500-800 m |
| Rate of fire: | 650 rounds per minute |
| Magazine capacity: | 40, 45 and 60 rounds magazines |
